![]() The literal meaning of "sonora" in Spanish is a feminine form of the adjective "sonoro" meaning "sonorous" or "loud." Francisco de Ibarra also traveled through the area in 1567 and referred to the Valles de Señora. The first record of the name Sonora comes from explorer Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, who passed through the state in 1540 and called part of the area the Valle de la Sonora. A third theory, written by Father Cristóbal de Cañas in 1730, states that the name comes from the word for a natural water well, sonot, which the Spaniards eventually modified to " Sonora". They encountered the Opata, who could not pronounce Señora, instead saying Senora or Sonora. Another theory states that Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca and his companions, who had wrecked off the Florida coast and made their way across the continent, were forced to cross the arid state from north to south, carrying an image of Nuestra Señora de las Angustias ("Our Lady of Anguish") on a cloth. One theory states that the name was derived from Nuestra Señora, the name given to the territory when Diego de Guzmán crossed the Yaqui River on the day of Nuestra Señora del Rosario (" Our Lady of the Rosary"), which falls on October 7 with the pronunciation possibly changing because none of the indigenous languages of the area have the ñ sound. Several theories exist as to the origin of the name "Sonora". From the 20th century to the present, industry, tourism, and agribusiness have dominated the economy, attracting migration from other parts of Mexico. ![]() With the Gadsden Purchase, Sonora lost more than a quarter of its territory. ![]() The state has been economically important for its agriculture, livestock (especially beef), and mining since the colonial period, and for its status as a border state since the Mexican–American War. Sonora is home to eight indigenous peoples, including the Mayo, the O’odham, the Yaqui, and Seri. It is primarily arid or semiarid deserts and grasslands, with only the highest elevations having sufficient rainfall to support other types of vegetation. Sonora's natural geography is divided into three parts: the Sierra Madre Occidental in the east of the state plains and rolling hills in the center and the coast on the Gulf of California. ![]() To the north, it shares the U.S.–Mexico border primarily with the state of Arizona with a small length with New Mexico, and on the west has a significant share of the coastline of the Gulf of California. Sonora is bordered by the states of Chihuahua to the east, Baja California to the northwest and Sinaloa to the south. Other large cities include Ciudad Obregón, Nogales (on the Mexico-United States border), San Luis Río Colorado, and Navojoa. ![]() The state is divided into 72 municipalities the capital (and largest) city of which being Hermosillo, located in the center of the state. Sonora ( Spanish pronunciation: ( listen)), officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Sonora (English: Free and Sovereign State of Sonora), is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico. The state's GDP was $210,126,625 thousand of pesos in 2008, amount corresponding to $16,416,142.57 thousand of dollars, being a dollar worth 12.80 pesos (value of June 3, 2010). Joined to the federation under the name of Estado de Occidente (Western State) also recognized as Sonora y Sinaloa. ![]()
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